Why Nobody Cares About Free Pragmatic: Difference between revisions

From Wolvesbane UO Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is a language academic field, but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their position differs based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways that our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people perceive and use the language, without necessarily referring to facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this research should be considered as a discipline of its own because it studies the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, 프라그마틱 순위 ([https://king-bookmark.stream/story.php?title=the-ugly-reality-about-pragmatic-free-game maps.google.com.ua's website]) like Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an utterance is already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures,  [http://40.118.145.212/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=6500702 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] 슬롯 추천 - [https://bookmark4you.win/story.php?title=dont-buy-into-these-trends-about-pragmatic-authenticity-verification Bookmark4You.win], it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in this field. There are many different areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side, attempting to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to the interpretation. For  [https://bookmark4you.win/story.php?title=the-evolution-of-pragmatic-image 프라그마틱 정품] [https://stairways.wiki/wiki/Comprehensive_List_Of_Pragmatic_Demo_Dos_And_Donts 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 체험 ([https://maps.google.com.ua/url?q=https://perfectworld.wiki/wiki/The_Reasons_Pragmatic_Free_Slots_Is_The_Most_SoughtAfter_Topic_In_2024 https://maps.google.com.ua/url?q=https://perfectworld.wiki/wiki/the_reasons_pragmatic_free_slots_is_the_most_Soughtafter_topic_In_2024]) example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified parses of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often viewed as a part of language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and [https://trade-britanica.trade/wiki/10_Great_Books_On_Pragmatic_Free_Trial_Meta 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language usage, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be understood to mean different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field ought to be considered an academic discipline since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. There are a myriad of areas of research,  [https://glamorouslengths.com/author/yokebaby5/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] such as formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language, and [https://opensourcebridge.science/wiki/Why_Pragmatic_Is_Tougher_Than_You_Imagine 프라그마틱 사이트] ([http://eric1819.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=697644 Eric1819.Com]) meaning.<br><br>One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often a back and forth affair, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the rubric of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine both approaches in an effort to comprehend the full range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, [http://yxhsm.net/home.php?mod=space&uid=264255 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Revision as of 12:29, 11 October 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often viewed as a part of language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and Anthropology.

There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language usage, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be understood to mean different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories of how languages function.

There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field ought to be considered an academic discipline since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also different views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. There are a myriad of areas of research, 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 such as formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language, and 프라그마틱 사이트 (Eric1819.Com) meaning.

One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same thing.

The debate between these two positions is often a back and forth affair, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the rubric of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine both approaches in an effort to comprehend the full range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.